Different referencing systems are used in different disciplines.

The ‘author as subject’ style is less common in the empirical disciplines (sciences) and more commonly used in the humanities. In some cases, where the individual author is important, the author’s name will be the main subject of the sentence in other cases, the author’s name may only be mentioned in brackets ( … ) or via a number notation system (e.g.

For example, you may think a particular study did not investigate some important aspect of the area you are researching, that the author(s) failed to notice a weakness in their methods, or that their conclusion is not well-supported (refer to Being Critical).Ī note on referencing style: The way a writer refers to other sources varies somewhat across different disciplines. As well as being systematic, the review should be evaluative and critical of the studies or ideas which are relevant to the current work. This section of Academic Phrasebank lists some of the phrases that writers may use for this purpose.Ī note on the literature review: It is the purpose of the literature review section of a paper or dissertation to show the reader, in a systematic way, what is already known about the research topic as a whole, and to outline the key ideas and theories that help us to understand this.

It is important that writers guide their readers through this literature.

Thus, in academic texts, writers frequently make reference to other studies and to the work of other authors. One of the distinguishing features of academic writing is that it is informed by what is already known, what work has been done before, and/or what ideas and models have already been developed.

Another word for previous studied